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How to Recognize the Signs of an Adderall Overdose

Medically reviewed by Dr. Po-Chang HsuOctober 14, 2024
Written by
On October 14, 2024

Table of Contents

Key Points

  • Adderall is a prescription medication combining amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, primarily used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy by improving focus and impulse control.
  • It is available in both immediate-release and extended-release forms but carries risks of misuse and addiction, especially when taken without a prescription or in excessive doses.
  • An overdose of Adderall can occur from taking too much, leading to symptoms such as increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, agitation, nausea, tremors, and severe cases that may result in life-threatening conditions.
  • If someone is suspected of overdosing, it's crucial to call 911 immediately, keep them awake if possible, and place them in the recovery position if they are unconscious but breathing.
  • Treatment options for Adderall addiction include medical detox, short- and long-term residential programs, outpatient services, sober living environments, and telemedicine, all designed to support recovery and prevent relapse.

When someone takes more Adderall than prescribed or uses it without a prescription, they risk experiencing an overdose that requires immediate medical attention. Adderall, a prescription stimulant medication used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, can cause dangerous symptoms when taken in excessive amounts. Understanding the warning signs of an Adderall overdose can help you or someone else get lifesaving emergency care quickly.

What is Adderall?

Adderall is a prescription medication that combines two active ingredients, amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, both of which are stimulant medications.[1] It is primarily used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy, a sleep disorder. By increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, Adderall helps improve focus, attention, and impulse control.

Adderall is available in immediate and extended-release formulations, allowing flexibility in managing symptoms throughout the day.[2] While it can be highly effective for those with legitimate medical needs, it also carries a risk of misuse and addiction, particularly when taken without a prescription or in higher doses than prescribed.

Can You Overdose on Adderall (and Other Stimulant-Based Medications)?

Yes, it is possible to overdose on Adderall.[3] An overdose occurs when someone takes a higher dose than prescribed or uses the medication without a prescription, overwhelming the body’s ability to metabolize the drug safely. Stimulants can significantly increase heart rate and blood pressure, posing serious health risks.

Because of the potential for misuse and the dangerous effects of high doses, it’s essential to use Adderall and other stimulant-based meds only as directed by a healthcare professional.

What Are the Signs of an Adderall Overdose?

Symptoms of an Adderall overdose may include:[4]

  • Increased heart rate: Rapid heartbeat or palpitations can occur.
  • Elevated blood pressure: Stimulants can lead to dangerously high blood pressure levels.
  • Agitation or anxiety: Overstimulation can cause heightened anxiety, restlessness, or irritability.
  • Nausea or vomiting: Gastrointestinal distress may manifest.
  • Tremors: Uncontrollable shaking can be a sign of overstimulation.
  • Hallucinations or delusions: In severe cases, people may experience altered perceptions of reality.

 

In extreme cases, an overdose can lead to serious health issues, including heart attack, stroke, seizures, or even death. The risk is higher when Adderall is misused, such as taking higher doses than prescribed or using it without a prescription.

What Should I Do if Someone Has Overdosed?

If you suspect someone has overdosed, it’s crucial to act quickly and calmly.[5] First, call 911 immediately. Provide details about the situation, including the substances involved and the person’s condition. While waiting for help, keep the person awake and responsive if possible. If unconscious but breathing, place them in the recovery position (placed on their side to reduce the risk of choking) to help maintain an open airway.

If you know the person has taken opioids as well, administer Narcan if it’s available, as this can reverse the effects of a potential opioid overdose. Monitor their breathing and pulse, and be prepared to perform CPR if necessary. Stay with the person until professional help arrives.

How Can I Get Help for Adderall Addiction?

If you or someone you know is struggling with Adderall addiction, several treatment options can help address the risks associated with the misuse of this Schedule II controlled substance. SOBA New Jersey offers a full spectrum of care, giving you access to the care you need to start and maintain your recovery: 

  • Medical Detox: This critical first step allows people to safely manage withdrawal symptoms under the supervision of medical personnel, ensuring stability before proceeding with treatment for stimulant and amphetamine-based addiction.
  • Short-Term Residential: Typically lasting a month or so, these programs offer intensive care in a structured environment, focusing on the early stages of recovery from Adderall abuse and teaching coping strategies.
  • Long-Term Residential: These programs provide comprehensive support for several months, targeting underlying issues related to drug abuse and creating personalized treatment plans for full recovery.
  • Partial Hospitalization: This level of care combines intensive outpatient treatment with the benefits of inpatient support, allowing individuals to engage in therapy during the day while returning home at night, which can be particularly beneficial for those recovering from an Adderall overdose.
  • Intensive Outpatient: For those needing significant support while balancing daily responsibilities, this program offers structured treatment several days a week, focusing on relapse prevention and coping mechanisms.
  • Outpatient Program: Designed for people with milder addiction or those transitioning from higher levels of care, outpatient programs help maintain sobriety while allowing clients to manage everyday life.
  • Sober Living: These homes provide a safe, drug-free environment for individuals recovering from stimulant drug use, fostering accountability and community support among peers.
  • Telemedicine: For those who face challenges accessing in-person treatment, telemedicine offers remote consultations and therapy sessions, making support more accessible and convenient.

 

Remember that recognizing the signs of an Adderall overdose, such as increased blood pressure and severe symptoms, is essential for prompt emergency treatment. Seeking help from healthcare providers or support groups can guide you through the recovery process and ensure you receive the medical treatment necessary to address the risks associated with Adderall addiction and other prescription medications.

Medical Content Writer

Amanda Stevens is a highly respected figure in the field of medical content writing, with a specific focus on eating disorders and addiction treatment. Amanda earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Social Work from Purdue University, graduating Magna Cum Laude, which serves as a strong educational foundation for her contributions.

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Frequently Asked Questions

The amount of Adderall that can lead to an overdose varies greatly from person to person and depends on several factors, including individual tolerance, body weight, and overall health. The lethal dose can differ, particularly for those who misuse the medication. For those taking Adderall as prescribed to treat ADHD, the risk of overdose may be lower. However, when someone engages in Adderall misuse – such as taking higher doses than prescribed or using it without a doctor’s approval – the likelihood of overdose increases significantly. 

In general, exceeding the prescribed dose, especially in combination with other drugs or alcohol, raises the risk of an Adderall overdose. Individuals must communicate openly with their healthcare provider about their usage and any concerns to help prevent overdose on Adderall.

Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of an Adderall overdose. A history of drug abuse, particularly with stimulants or other drugs, significantly raises the risk. Taking high doses of Adderall, whether immediate-release or extended-release capsules, can also lead to overdose, especially in individuals trying to achieve euphoric effects. Mixing Adderall with alcohol or other substances can dramatically amplify the risks, as these combinations may overstimulate the central nervous system and lead to severe symptoms. 

Additionally, certain medical conditions, such as pre-existing heart issues or mental health disorders, can complicate the body’s response to the stimulant drug and increase the likelihood of serious harm.

The potential long-term effects of an Adderall overdose can be serious. Cardiovascular issues are among the most concerning, as overdosing on Adderall can lead to heart problems, such as heart attacks and arrhythmias. These conditions may have lasting impacts on heart health and blood pressure. Psychologically, individuals who have experienced an Adderall overdose may suffer from anxiety, depression, or other mood disorders as a result of the trauma associated with the event. 

Additionally, cognitive impairments can arise, affecting memory, attention span, and overall cognitive function, potentially due to the effects of amphetamine toxicity. The risk of developing chronic issues increases with repeated overdoses, making it essential to seek medical treatment immediately to prevent long-term damage from drug misuse.

Yes, an Adderall overdose can indeed be fatal, particularly in severe cases. The risk of death escalates if the overdose leads to life-threatening complications such as heart attack, stroke, or seizures. 

When a person takes too much Adderall, the medication can overstimulate the central nervous system, which may result in catastrophic outcomes, including serious harm. Recognizing Adderall overdose symptoms early, such as extreme agitation, elevated heart rate, and severe confusion, is crucial for prompt emergency treatment. Anyone experiencing these symptoms should receive immediate medical attention, as timely intervention can significantly improve the chances of recovery and prevent tragic consequences from an overdose of Adderall.

Yes, people can develop a tolerance to Adderall over time, especially with prolonged use of this controlled substance. Tolerance occurs when the body becomes accustomed to the effects of the medication, requiring higher doses to achieve the same therapeutic or euphoric effects. 

This phenomenon is particularly concerning for those who engage in Adderall abuse, as they may feel compelled to increase their intake to counteract diminishing effects. As tolerance builds, the risk of overdose increases, particularly if someone takes significantly higher doses without medical supervision. Regular consultations with healthcare providers are essential for individuals taking Adderall to ensure that their dosage remains safe and effective while minimizing the potential for addiction and overdose.

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[1] Dextroamphetamine and Amphetamine: MedlinePlus Drug Information. (2023). Medlineplus.gov. https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601234.html 

[2] Amphetamine (Adderall) | NAMI. (n.d.). Www.nami.org. https://www.nami.org/about-mental-illness/treatments/mental-health-medications/types-of-medication/amphetamine-adderall/ 

[3] Can you overdose on Adderall? Symptoms, what to do, and treatment. (2019, July 8). Www.medicalnewstoday.com. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325683 

[4] Vasan, S., & Olango, G. J. (2019, November 5). Amphetamine Toxicity. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470276/

[5] CDC. (2024, April 30). What to Do if You Think Someone is Overdosing. Stop Overdose. https://www.cdc.gov/stop-overdose/response/index.html

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