What Is Marijuana?
Marijuana, also referred to as weed, pot, grass, or cannabis, is a substance derived from the Cannabis sativa plant. Cannabis contains multiple chemical compounds; however, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main chemical compound that causes intoxication, or the “high” marijuana is known for.[1]
This is because THC affects portions of the brain that regulate the user’s sense of pleasure, memory, attention, coordinated movement, time, sensory input, and cognitive function. Depending on the individual and the cannabis product they are consuming, marijuana can produce relaxation, euphoria, altered sensory perceptions, increased appetite, slowed reaction time, anxiety, panic, and impaired coordination.
Marijuana is commonly smoked, but can also be vaped, eaten in an edible, taken as a tincture, or used in concentrated extracts. Present-day cannabis products can vary greatly in concentration levels of THC. Research shows that products containing higher concentrations of THC may pose greater risks for developing more serious symptoms related to cannabis use disorder when used regularly.[2]
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Marijuana Addiction and Abuse
Marijuana use disorder develops when marijuana use creates patterns of behavior in the reward, stress, and coping systems of the brain. Initially, marijuana may create feelings of immediate relief. It may help someone relax after work, fall asleep, or manage anxiety or boredom. The brain then begins connecting marijuana use with comfort, escape, or emotional control.
But through regular use, both the body and the brain adapt to THC, and tolerance begins to build. This means that the dose someone was used to no longer causes the same effect, driving them to use increasingly larger amounts, more potent products, or more frequent consumption throughout the day to get the same results. Over time, marijuana can become part of daily routines: waking up, eating, sleeping, relaxing, socializing, or calming down after stress.
Once tolerance builds, physical dependence can quickly follow, meaning the body is now adapted to THC, and if consumption reduces or ceases altogether, they will likely experience withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, sleep disturbances, changes in appetite, restlessness, depression, and intense cravings.[3] These withdrawal symptoms can cause someone to relapse to avoid discomfort even if they genuinely want to quit.